Essentials of Short Range Wireless - Contents

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1. Introduction
1.1. The growth of standards
1.2. Markets
1.2.1. Games controllers
1.2.2. Voice
1.2.3. Internet access
1.2.4. Internet connected devices
1.3. What is a standard?
1.4. Choosing a wireless standard
1.5. Wireless application areas
1.5.1. Standard vs. proprietary wireless
1.5.2. The importance of topology
1.5.3. The “Internet of Things”
1.6. Using this book
1.7. References
2. Fundamentals of short range wireless
2.1. Basics
2.1.1. The connection model and topology
2.1.2. Latency, range and throughput
2.1.3. Security
2.2. Wireless architecture
2.2.1. The radio
2.2.2. Baseband / Media Access Control (MAC)
2.2.3. Higher layer stacks
2.2.4. Profiles
2.3. Wireless parameters
2.3.1. Range
2.3.2. Throughput
2.3.3. Interference and coexistence
2.3.4. Topology
2.3.5. Security – authentication and encryption
2.3.6. Power consumption
2.3.7. Profiles and interoperability
2.3.8. Voice and latency (Quality of Service and synchronous transmission)
2.3.9. Reliability
2.3.10. Audio and video
2.3.11. Usability and commissioning
2.4. Conclusion
2.5. References
3. Wireless security
3.1. Security attacks
3.1.1. Discovery
3.1.2. Eavesdropping (interception)
3.1.3. Denial of service
3.1.4. Man-in-the-middle attacks, spoofing and bluejacking
3.1.5. Address tracking
3.2. Security features
3.2.1. Authorisation
3.2.2. Authentication
3.2.3. Encryption
3.2.4. Other features
3.3. Generation and distribution of link keys
3.4. Comparison of security procedures
3.4.1. Susceptibility to attack
3.4.2. Security implementations
3.5. Testing security – in praise of hacking tools
3.6. References
4. Bluetooth
4.1. Background
4.2. The radio
4.3. Topologies
4.4. Connections
4.4.1. Making connections
4.5. Transferring data
4.5.1. Asynchronous links (ACL)
4.5.2. Synchronous links (SCO and eSCO)
4.5.3. Voice codecs
4.6. The lower layer stack (the controller)
4.7. The higher layer stack (the host)
4.7.1. L2CAP
4.7.2. Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
4.7.3. Generic Access Profile (GAP)
4.7.4. Bonding and pairing
4.8. Transport protocols
4.9. Profiles
4.9.1. Serial Port Profile (SPP)
4.9.2. Handsfree Profile (HFP)
4.9.3. Generic Object Exchange Profile – GOEP / OBEX
4.9.4. Personal Area Networking Profile - PAN
4.9.5. Health Device Profile - HDP
4.9.6. Human Interface Device Profile – HID
4.9.7. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile – A2DP
4.10. Power consumption
4.11. Bluetooth 3.0
4.12. References
5. IEEE 802.11abgn / Wi-Fi
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. The difference between 802.11 and Wi-Fi
5.1.2. Bluetooth 3.0
5.1.3. Alphabet soup
5.2. 802.11 Topology
5.2.1. Bridging with access points
5.2.2. 802.11 services
5.3. The 802.11 radio
5.4. Framing
5.5. Modulation
5.6. 5.1 GHz - 802.11a
5.7. MIMO – 802.11n
5.8. Making connections
5.9. Power management
5.9.1. WMM Power Save
5.10. References
6. IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee PRO, RF4CE, 6LoWPAN and Wireless HART
6.1. IEEE 802.15.4
6.1.1. The MAC
6.1.2. Topologies
6.1.3. Framing
6.1.4. 802.15.4 security
6.2. ZigBee
6.2.1. ZigBee and ZigBee PRO
6.2.2. The ZigBee network
6.2.3. ZigBee profiles and applications
6.3. ZigBee RF4CE
6.4. 6LoWPAN
6.5. WirelessHART
6.6. References
7. Bluetooth low energy (formerly Wibree)
7.1. Basic tenets
7.1.1. Small packet size
7.1.2. Autonomous controller
7.1.3. Duty Cycle and latency
7.1.4. Asymmetry
7.1.5. Range
7.1.6. Ease of use
7.2. RF
7.3. Topology
7.3.1. Profile roles
7.3.2. Unidirectional devices
7.3.3. Bidirectional devices
7.4. Advertising and data channels
7.4.1. Advertising packets
7.4.2. Response Packets
7.4.3. Initiating Packets
7.5. The Bluetooth low energy state machine
7.5.1. Advertising
7.5.2. Connecting
7.6. Discovery and Bonding
7.7. The Bluetooth low energy protocol stack
7.7.1. Attributes - exposing state
7.7.2. Attribute PDUs
7.7.3. Notifications and indications
7.7.4. Characteristics
7.7.5. Aggregate attributes and time stamping
7.7.6. Configuring attribute servers
7.8. Profiles
7.8.1. Proximity
7.8.2. Gateways
7.9. Dual-mode chips
7.10. References
8. Application development – configuration
8.1. Topology
8.1.1. Cable replacement
8.1.2. Reconnection
8.1.3. Multipoint
8.1.4. Infrastructure (network connectivity)
8.1.5. Cluster tree
8.1.6. Mesh
8.2. Data protocols
8.2.1. Profile or proprietary
8.2.2. Interfacing with external protocols
8.2.3. Voice, audio and codecs
8.2.4. Latency and time synchronisation
8.3. Setup and commissioning
8.3.1. Pairing / bonding / association
8.3.2. Promiscuity
8.3.3. The initial connection
8.3.4. Out of band techniques
8.3.5. Disconnecting
8.3.6. Limiting broadcasts
8.4. Feature creep
8.5. Security
8.6. Upgrading
8.6.1. Upgrading mesh and cluster-tree networks
8.7. References
9. Application development – performance
9.1. Range and throughput
9.1.1. Power amplifiers and low noise amplifiers
9.1.2. Power control
9.1.3. Filtering
9.1.4. RF matching, tuning and PCB design
9.2. Choice of antenna
9.2.1. Gain
9.2.2. Directionality
9.2.3. Construction (technology) and size
9.2.4. Detuning
9.2.5. Polarisation and antenna radiation characteristics
9.2.6. Ground planes
9.2.7. Antenna types
9.2.8. Diversity and multiple antennae
9.2.9. One last point on antennae
9.3. Coexistence
9.3.1. Interference mitigation
9.3.2. Colocation
9.4. Power consumption
9.4.1. Duty cycle
9.4.2. Sleep modes
9.4.3. Functional circuitry
9.5. Topology effects
9.6. Ultra low power & energy harvesting
9.7. Temperature
9.7.1. Working below 0°C
9.7.2. Working above 50°C
9.8. References
10. Practical considerations – production, certification and IP
10.1. Regulatory approval
10.1.1. Modular approval
10.1.2. Other considerations
10.1.3. R&TTE
10.2. SAR – Specific absorption rate
10.3. Medical, automotive and aviation
10.4. Export controls
10.5. Standards based approvals and IP licences
10.5.1. Standards approval hierarchies
10.5.2. Specific requirements
10.6. Open source protocol stacks
10.7. OUI – the device address
10.8. Production test
10.9. References
11. Implementation Choices
11.1. Assessing the options
11.2. Architecting the design
11.2.1. Chip based designs
11.2.2. Reference designs
11.2.3. Modules
11.3. Development tools
11.4. Stack integration tools
11.5. Deciding on an implementation strategy
11.5.1. Bill of material cost
11.5.2. Development cost
11.5.3. Integration cost
11.5.4. RF design
11.5.5. Approvals
11.5.6. Time to market
11.5.7. Production test
11.5.8. Size
11.6. Comparison of costs
11.7. Longevity
12. Markets and Applications
12.1. Growing the market
12.2. Healthcare, wellness, sports and fitness
12.2.1. The Continua Health Alliance
12.2.2. Health 2.0
12.2.3. Clinical asset management and lone workers
12.2.4. Assisted living
12.2.5. Sports and fitness
12.3. The telematics and automotive markets
12.3.1. Vehicle to vehicle communications
12.3.2. Vehicle and driver monitoring
12.4. Smart energy
12.4.1. The key opportunities
12.5. Home automation
12.6. Consumer electronics
12.6.1. Internet connected devices
12.7. Fashion wireless
12.7.1. Tags
12.7.2. Watches
12.7.3. Bracelets – the new watch
12.8. Industrial and automation
12.9. Self powered sensors
12.10. Privacy concerns
12.11. Conclusion
12.12. References
13. Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations

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